8.3 AIDS The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. This means deficiency of immune system, acquired during the lifetime of an individual indicating that it is not a congenital disease. ‘Syndrome’ means a group of symptoms. AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in the last twenty-five years or so, it has spread all over the world killing more than 25 million persons. AIDS is caused by the Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV), a member of a group of viruses called retrovirus , which have an envelope enclosing the RNA genome. Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV) Structure & its Genome: It is roughly spherical with a diameter of about 120 nm , around 60 times smaller than a red blood cell . It is composed of two copies of positive- sense single-stranded RNA that codes for the virus's nine genes enclosed by a conical capsid composed of 2,000 copies...
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